添加21,980字节、
2015年7月9日 (四) 11:56 by 三足乌
<div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 17.5pt;">三字经</font></font></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 17.5pt;"> </font></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 17.5pt;">第四讲</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 14.5pt;">第一节</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">1.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">师生相识（5min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">新人旁听老师介绍自己；</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">学生向老师介绍自己。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">2.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">课程回顾（5 min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">请学生回顾上次课四个故事：女娲补天、三皇、大禹治水、武王伐纣；</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">师生齐声朗读上次课内容：</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">自羲农 至黄帝 号三皇 在上世</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">唐有虞 号二帝 相揖逊 称盛世</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">夏有禹 商有汤 周文武 称三王</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">夏传子 家天下 四百载 迁夏社</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">汤伐夏 国号商 六百载 至纣亡</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">周武王 始诛纣 八百载 最长久</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">主讲老师简单提要上次课内容。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">3.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">解读课堂内容（10 min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">简单生字读写、释义，句意翻译；</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">齐声诵读课文。</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">周共和 始纪年 历宣幽 遂东迁</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">周道衰 王纲坠 逞干戈 尚游说</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">始春秋 终战国 五霸强 七雄出</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">嬴秦氏 始兼并 传二世 楚汉争</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">4.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;">课堂故事讲述（</font>30min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;">）</font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">烽火戏诸侯，六国归一统、图穷匕首见</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">烽火戏诸侯</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">周幽王，西周第十二代君王。幽王三年，绝世美女褒姒（bāo sì）入宫，非常得幽王宠爱。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">史记记载褒姒不爱笑，幽王为博美人一笑，试过许多方法都不成功，最后想到烽火戏诸侯的把戏，举烽火将诸侯军队引来，却没有敌军，自己则与褒姒观看他们的糗态，褒姒终于大笑起来，使幽王在喜悦褒姒一笑后，屡次举烽火，但从此失去诸侯对他的信任，使诸侯不再理会他举烽火。外国进攻幽王时，幽王再举烽火求救，已经没有诸侯愿意来救他了。最后幽王在骊山下被杀，西周灭亡。</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">六国归一统</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">战国末期，七大诸侯国之一的秦国消灭六国，完成了中国的统一。从前230年攻打韩国到前221年灭齐国结束，共计10年的时间，先后按顺消灭韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐六国，结束了中国自春秋以来长达500多年的诸侯割据纷争的局面，建立了中国历史上第一个君主中央集权国家秦朝。第一代君主秦始皇。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">秦始皇（前259年－前210年），名嬴政，自称“始皇帝”，是中国战国末期秦国君主。他十三岁即位，三十九岁时统一六国建立秦朝，五十岁出巡时驾崩，在位三十七年。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">秦始皇是中国历史上，第一个采用君主专制制度及推行中央集权，也是中国历史上第一个使用皇帝称号的君主（不含追尊皇帝）。统一天下后推行多项政策，例如书同文，车同轨，统一度量衡等对后世影响深远的政策及典章法制，对日后中国历史的影响，可说是广泛而深远，奠定了中国两千余年政治制度基本格局。但另一方面，秦始皇在位期间亦进行多项大型工程，包括修筑长城、阿房宫、骊山陵等，加上暴政令人民徭役甚重，这亦是秦朝在他死后速亡的其中一个原因。</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">图穷匕首见</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">公元前227年（秦王政20年），燕国以荆轲为正使，秦舞阳为副使，带同秦国叛将樊於期的脑袋和燕国督亢的地图，出使秦国献给嬴政。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">嬴政安排了外交上极为隆重的九宾仪式，亲自在咸阳宫接见荆轲与秦舞阳两人。荆轲捧着樊于期的首级，秦舞阳捧着地图匣子，按照正、副使的次序前进。走到殿前台阶下的秦舞阳脸色突变，害怕得发抖，大臣们都感到奇怪。荆轲以“秦舞阳为蛮夷，因未见过天子威严而心生恐惧”作解释。嬴政令荆轲递上秦舞阳的地图，荆轲展开地图尽头，一把淬毒的匕首露出来。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">荆轲左手抓住嬴政袖子，右手用匕首刺向嬴政。嬴政大惊，站了起来，挣断衣袖想要拔剑，却因为剑身太长，拔不出来。荆轲追赶嬴政，嬴政绕柱奔跑。由于事情发生得太过突然，大臣们吓得發呆，大家都失去常态。而秦国的法律规定，殿上侍从大臣不允许携带任何兵器；武士都在殿下，没有诏谕不能上殿。这时侍医夏无且把一个药囊向荆轲扔去，荆轲伸手挡了一下。嬴政趁这时把剑转到背后拔出，回头砍断荆轲的左腿。荆轲倒地，将匕首扔向嬴政，惜撞在铜柱。嬴政向荆轲连砍八剑，武士冲上殿来，杀掉荆轲。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">嬴政大发雷霆，于公元前227年（秦王政20年）命令进攻燕国。五年后（秦王政廿五年），燕国彻底灭亡。</div>
<br/>
<div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 14.5pt;">第二节</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">1.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">回顾上节课内容 </span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">（5 min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">烽火戏诸侯、六国归一统、图穷匕首见</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">2.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">解读课堂内容（5 min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">简单生字读写、释义，句意翻译；</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">齐声诵读课文。</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">高祖兴 汉业建 至孝平 王莽篡</font></font></span></div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">光武兴 为东汉 四百年 终于献</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">3.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">课堂故事讲述（30min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">鸿门宴、霸王别姬</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">（屠洪刚《霸王别姬》歌曲辅助教学）</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">鸿门宴</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">“鸿门宴”这个故事发生在公元前206年。怀王派项羽等去救援被秦军围困的赵国，同时派刘邦领兵攻打函谷关。临行时，怀王与诸将约定，谁先入关，便封为关中王。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">项羽大破秦军后，听说刘邦已出咸阳，非常恼火，就攻破函谷关，直抵新丰鸿门。这时刘邦的左司马曹无伤暗中派人告诉项羽说刘邦想在关中称王。项羽听了，更加恼怒，决定第二天发兵攻打刘邦。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">张良向刘邦分析，不宜和项羽硬拼，刘邦只得退出咸阳，回师霸上，更知道自己军力不及于项羽四十万大军，刘邦更把在咸阳所得一切，原封不动的送到项羽营中，更说愿让项羽称关中王。范增已觉出刘邦必成大器，便命项羽设下“鸿门夜宴”，一心诛除刘邦，但此事为项伯知悉，项伯顾念和张良故人之情，向刘邦大军报讯。刘邦知道这鸿门宴是去不得的凶险之地，但张良却表示不去便只有死路一条，赴会也许能有生机，刘邦无奈只得应约前往。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">鸿门宴当日，范增早已布下天罗地网，定要把刘邦人头留下，谁知刘邦竟以一跪化解了项羽之怨恨，范增便再命“项庄舞剑，意在沛公”，一心要在席中把刘邦刺死，可是还是被项伯和樊哙给刘邦解了围，刘邦终于更借往如厕而逃遁而去。</div><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;"><font face="楷体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><font style="word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12pt;">霸王别姬</font></font></span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">楚汉相争末期，项羽被围于垓下，听到四面楚歌，以为已经全军覆没，大势已去，于是唱起“垓下歌”：“力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝。骓不逝兮可奈何，虞兮虞兮奈若何？”虞姬自刎殉情，项羽悲伤不已。后与八百骑突围不果，鏖战后于乌江自刎而死。</div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">4.</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">学生书写成长日记（10min</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">）</span></div><div align="left" style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">助教协助学生书写成长日记。</div>